What subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is noted to compose 75-85% of kidney tumors?

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is recognized as the predominant subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 75-85% of all kidney tumors. This form of RCC is characterized histologically by the presence of clear cells, which arise due to the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.

This subtype is also associated with specific genetic alterations, most notably in the VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and maintaining oxygen homeostasis. The alteration in this gene leads to the development of clear cell carcinoma, along with its typical histological features and clinical behaviors, such as a propensity for vascular invasion and metastatic spread.

In contrast, other subtypes, like papillary, chromophobe, and collecting duct carcinoma, represent a smaller proportion of renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is usually characterized by different cytological features and genetics and makes up about 10-15% of cases. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma constitutes about 5% of cases and presents a distinct histological appearance. Collecting duct carcinoma is quite rare and comprises only around 1% of RCC cases. Therefore, clear cell renal cell carcinoma stands out as the most